154 lines
2.4 KiB
Markdown
Executable File
154 lines
2.4 KiB
Markdown
Executable File
# 阿里云配置 Apache
|
||
|
||
> Ubuntu Apache2 配置指南
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 安装 Apache
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo apt-get update
|
||
sudo apt-get install apache2 -y
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 配置文件
|
||
|
||
### 重要文件位置
|
||
|
||
| 文件 | 说明 |
|
||
|------|------|
|
||
| `/etc/apache2/apache2.conf` | 主配置文件 |
|
||
| `/etc/apache2/sites-available/` | 站点配置目录 |
|
||
| `/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/` | 已启用站点 |
|
||
| `/etc/apache2/ports.conf` | 端口配置 |
|
||
|
||
> ⚠️ **注意**：Apache2 用 `apache2.conf`，不是传统的 `httpd.conf`
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 基本配置
|
||
|
||
### 1. 配置 apache2.conf
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo vim /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
添加：
|
||
```apache
|
||
ServerName localhost
|
||
DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 2. 设置默认字符集
|
||
|
||
```apache
|
||
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 3. 设置监听端口
|
||
|
||
```apache
|
||
Listen 80 # 监听 80 端口
|
||
Listen 8080 # 监听 8080 端口
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 4. 创建虚拟目录
|
||
|
||
```apache
|
||
Alias /down "/software/download"
|
||
Alias /ftp "/var/ftp"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 5. 设置目录权限
|
||
|
||
```apache
|
||
<Directory "/var/www/html">
|
||
Options FollowSymLinks
|
||
AllowOverride None
|
||
Require all granted
|
||
</Directory>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 配置站点
|
||
|
||
### 1. 编辑默认站点
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```apache
|
||
<VirtualHost *:80>
|
||
ServerName yourdomain.com
|
||
ServerAlias www.yourdomain.com
|
||
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
|
||
|
||
<Directory /var/www/html>
|
||
AllowOverride All
|
||
Require all granted
|
||
</Directory>
|
||
|
||
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
|
||
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
|
||
</VirtualHost>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 2. 启用站点
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo a2ensite 000-default.conf
|
||
sudo a2enmod rewrite
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 常用命令
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 启动/停止/重启
|
||
sudo systemctl start apache2
|
||
sudo systemctl stop apache2
|
||
sudo systemctl restart apache2
|
||
|
||
# 或
|
||
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 start
|
||
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
|
||
|
||
# 查看状态
|
||
sudo systemctl status apache2
|
||
|
||
# 启用/禁用站点
|
||
sudo a2ensite site-name
|
||
sudo a2dissite site-name
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 测试配置
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 测试配置文件语法
|
||
sudo apache2ctl configtest
|
||
|
||
# 查看已启用模块
|
||
apache2ctl -M
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 安全建议
|
||
|
||
1. 禁用不必要的模块
|
||
2. 隐藏 Apache 版本信息
|
||
3. 启用 HTTPS (Let's Encrypt)
|
||
4. 配置防火墙只开放 80/443
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
> 参考：[百度经验 - Ubuntu Apache2 配置](https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/9158e0006581d1a2541228b5.html)
|