151 lines
2.1 KiB
Markdown
Executable File
151 lines
2.1 KiB
Markdown
Executable File
# 阿里云使用 FTP
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> Ubuntu vsftpd 配置教程
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---
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## 安装 vsftpd
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```bash
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install vsftpd
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```
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---
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## 配置 vsftpd
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```bash
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sudo vim /etc/vsftpd.conf
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```
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推荐配置：
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```ini
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# === 系统默认（保持不变）===
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listen=NO
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listen_ipv6=YES
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dirmessage_enable=YES
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use_localtime=YES
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xferlog_enable=YES
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connect_from_port_20=YES
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# === 自定义配置 ===
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# 不允许匿名访问
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anonymous_enable=NO
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# 允许本地用户访问
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local_enable=YES
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# 开启写模式
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write_enable=YES
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# 新建文件权限 (777-022=755)
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local_umask=022
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# 使用 user_list 白名单
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userlist_enable=YES
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userlist_deny=NO
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userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd.user_list
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# 限制用户切换目录
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chroot_local_user=YES
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chroot_list_enable=YES
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chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
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allow_writeable_chroot=YES
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# FTP 根目录
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local_root=/var/myftp
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```
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---
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## 重启服务
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```bash
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sudo systemctl restart vsftpd
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```
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---
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## 创建 FTP 用户
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```bash
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# 创建用户并指定家目录
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sudo useradd -d /var/myftp ftpuser
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# 设置密码
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sudo passwd ftpuser
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# 创建白名单文件
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sudo vim /etc/vsftpd.user_list
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# 添加：ftpuser
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# 创建黑名单文件（可为空）
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sudo vim /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
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```
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---
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## 设置目录权限
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```bash
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# 创建目录
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sudo mkdir -p /var/myftp/{upload,download}
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# 设置权限
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sudo chmod 555 /var/myftp # 根目录只读
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sudo chmod 755 /var/myftp/upload # 上传目录可写
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sudo chmod 555 /var/myftp/download # 下载目录只读
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# 修改所有者
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sudo chown -R ftpuser:ftpuser /var/myftp
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```
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---
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## 常见问题
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### 530 Login incorrect
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```bash
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sudo vim /etc/pam.d/vsftpd
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# 注释掉这行：
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# auth required pam_shells.so
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```
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### 550 Permission denied
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```bash
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# 关闭 SELinux
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setsebool -P ftpd_disable_trans on
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sudo systemctl restart vsftpd
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```
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### 被动模式问题
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登录后执行：
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```
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passive
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```
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---
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## 客户端连接
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```bash
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ftp 服务器IP
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# 输入用户名和密码
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```
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---
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## 常用 FTP 客户端
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- **Windows**：FileZilla、WinSCP
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- **macOS/Linux**：FileZilla、Cyberduck
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---
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> 参考：[vsftpd 配置详解](https://www.cnblogs.com/dupengcheng/p/6790143.html)
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